This study is evaluating both vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection, with focus on aging occupants. Finite Element (FE) dummy models are being developed for aging driver/passenger (occupants) in automobiles, based on the population-average dummy models by LS-Dyna computer software. For selected cases, aging occupants using the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) will be also studied. These models will incorporate the frailty aspects of the aging person and other attributes. After developing the FE dummy models for aging occupants, FE analyses will be conducted simulating vehicle accidents. The types of vehicle accidents are vehicle-to-vehicle collisions and vehicle collision with roadway objects such as bridge columns. The biomechanical responses from the model will include estimates of incidence and severity of injuries to head and thoracic parts of the body. There would be focus on Injury Mechanisms, Biomechanical Response, and Human Tolerance (specifically for the aging human). The study will develop survivability envelopes for vehicle impacts for aging occupants, and compare them with those for younger occupants. The study will enable biomechanics-based recommendations to minimize the severity of injury, should accidents occur. It will compare different roadside conditions and will study to see if design improvements can alleviate injuries. Roadside designs may include geometric factors such as the side slope, and other pertinent roadway features.